Information has been ‘teleported’ between two computer chips for the first time, a move that could lead to a more secure ‘quantum internet’, researchers claim.
Experts from the University of Bristol and the Technical University of Denmark were able to ‘instantly send the data’ using a process called ‘quantum entanglement’.
The information was exchanged without electrical or physical contact as the process allows these particles to instantly communicate over large distances.
This is useful in quantum computing and networks as changing one particle will automatically change the other, say researchers from Bristol.
The team say their study could lead to a quantum internet that ‘would ultimately protect the worlds information from malicious attacks’.
Their breakthrough involved creating specially designed and programmable circuits within a chip that are able to generate light particles.
The particles are then able to use quantum entanglement to ‘teleport’ between different chips and maintain instant communication.
The team had a 91 per cent success rate when getting the particles to talk to each other through the specially programmed computer chips.
‘We were able to demonstrate a high-quality entanglement link across two chips in the lab,’ says Dan Llewellyn, co-author of the study.
This new research is important as quantum computers, internet and other technologies rely on ‘quantum information’,’ he said.
This is encoded in single particles that are difficult to control and measure’.
Dr Llewellyn and the team have been able to create devices that can generate and manipulate single particles of light within programmable circuits.
The chips they created encode quantum information in light generated inside the circuits, they then process the information with high efficiency.
‘Establishing an entangled communication link between two chips in the lab however has proven to be highly challenging’, they said in a statement.
However, they said their new process will enable higher quality, faster quantum circuits and is one of the most efficient generated to date.
They were also able to show other functionality such as ‘swapping’, a process that is required for quantum networks to operate properly.
They were also able to show a process involving photon states that is needed for the creation of a quantum internet and in quantum computers.
Dr Llewellyn says this is an important step that could lead to the creation of ‘more complex quantum circuits required in quantum computing and communications’.
Lead author, Dr Jianwei Wang said: ‘In the future, integration of quantum photonic devices and classical electronic controls will open the door for fully chip-based CMOS-compatible quantum communication and information processing networks.’
WHAT IS A QUANTUM COMPUTER AND HOW DOES IT WORK?
The key to a quantum computer is its ability to operate on the basis of a circuit not only being ‘on’ or ‘off’, but occupying a state that is both ‘on’ and ‘off’ at the same time.
While this may seem strange, it’s down to the laws of quantum mechanics, which govern the behaviour of the particles which make up an atom.
At this micro scale, matter acts in ways that would be impossible at the macro scale of the universe we live in.
Quantum mechanics allows these extremely small particles to exist in multiple states, known as ‘superposition’, until they are either seen or interfered with.
A good analogy is that of a coin spinning in the air. It cannot be said to be either a ‘heads’ or ‘tails’ until it lands.
The heart of modern computing is binary code, which has served computers for decades.
While a classical computer has ‘bits’ made up of zeros and ones, a quantum computer has ‘qubits’ which can take on the value of zero or one, or even both simultaneously.
One of the major stumbling blocks for the development of quantum computers has been demonstrating they can beat classical computers.
Google, IBM, and Intel are among companies competing to achieve this.
Source: Dailymail
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