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Google Unveils Plan To Build 3,915 Mile Transatlantic Subsea Cable Between The US, The UK And Spain

Google has announced a plan to build a new, 3,915-mile-long transatlantic subsea cable between the US, the UK and Spain to meet growing connectivity demands.

The fibre-optic link — which is expected to be completed in 2022 — will be Google’s first privately-owned connection between the US and the UK.

When operational, it will provide around 340–350 Terabytes per second of capacity — the equivalent of some 17.5 million people all streaming 4K videos simultaneously.

The tech firm has named the cable after the American computer scientist and naval rear admiral Grace Hopper, who created one of the first so-called ‘linker’ programs.

Linkers are computer system programs that connect multiple object files, converting them into a library, executable or larger object file.

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Google has announced a plan to build a new, 3,915-mile-long transatlantic subsea cable between the US, the UK and Spain to meet growing connectivity demands

The fibre-optic link — which is expected to be completed in 2022 — will be one of the firm's first to connect the US and the UK since 2003

When operational, the cable will provide around 340–350 Terabytes per second of capacity — the equivalent of some 17.5 million people all streaming 4K videos simultaneously.

The Grace Hopper cable will increase network traffic capacity and help to drive many of Google’s core services — including Gmail, Google Cloud and the relatively new video communications platform, Meet, which was launched in 2017.

The link will join Google’s existing private cables — Curie, Dunant and Equiano — on the ocean floor, where 98 over cent of the world’s internet traffic flows.

Curie runs along the US Pacific Coast from California to Chile, while Dunant links Virginia with France and Equiano will link Portugal with Nigeria and South Africa.

The Curie project will be the first time that Google has invested in a subsea cable route to Spain — a connection which is intended to more closely integrate the firm’s upcoming cloud region in Madrid with its global infrastructure.

The cable — which will have end-points in New York, Bude in northeast Cornwall and Bilbao in northern Spain — will contain 16 fibre pairs, along with a novel optical fibre switching architecture to better move internet traffic around local outages.

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The design is said will also enable lower latency and increased network resilience.

The addition, a Google spokesperson said, represents a ‘significant upgrade to the internet infrastructure connecting the US with Europe.’

Private subsea cables allow us to plan effectively for the future capacity needs of our customers and users around the world,’ said Google Global Network vice president Bikash Koley.

They also, he continued, ‘add a layer of security beyond what’s available over the public internet.’

The new connection is being laid with the help of subsea cable provider SubCom, of Eatontown, New Jersey.

HOW THE INTERNET AS WE KNOW IT CAME TO BE THANKS TO SUBSEA CABLES

Deep beneath the sea lays a vast network of hidden cables handling the majority of the globe’s internet activity.

These cables carry 99% of the world’s data, and in the age of social distancing, their role is more important than ever in keeping people connected.

As Google announced plans to install a new cable between the US, the UK and Spain, we dive into how global communication is handled, how it came to be and how it works.

Where did it all start?

The Victorians are considered pioneers in submarine connectivity, having set a world first in 1850 with a telegraph cable across the English Channel between the UK and France.

By 1858, the first transatlantic submarine cable was laid between Ireland and Newfoundland, Canada.

Using a combination of methods, Queen Victoria and US President James Buchanan became the first heads of state to exchange greetings via the cable.

However, Victoria’s 99-word message is said to have taken 17 hours and 40 minutes to reach the president, and the cable failed within a few weeks.

Nevertheless, it paved the way for the levels of connectivity we use on a daily basis today.

Since 1986, submarine telecommunication cables have been made using fibre optics.

Some of the old huts where early cables were housed can still be found dotted around the UK, such as one on Aberbach beach in Pembrokeshire, Wales, which has been converted into a holiday home.

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– How many of these cables feed into the UK?

There are hundreds of cables driving connectivity under the sea.

According to submarinecablemap.com, there are 56 active cables running beneath the ocean around the UK.

Many from the US come into Cornwall and Ireland, while south east and eastern regions of England are plugged into mainland European neighbours.

Scotland is largely hooked up to Nordic countries, as well as its own smaller isles.

How are the cables laid?

Cables are installed up to 8,000 metres below sea level.

Careful planning is needed to map the ocean bed, to reduce the environmental impact.

Rolled into huge reels, the cables are sent off on to ships and in most cases buried in the ocean bed using a plough.

They can then be connected to data centres on either side.

What if there is damage?

Undersea cables are damaged all the time by various incidents.

Seismic activity is one example – a 2006 earthquake in Taiwan damaged eight undersea cables, cutting off communication to Hong Kong, south-east Asia and most of China.

However, this type of damage is not a concern for the UK where serious earthquakes are unlikely.

Impact from commercial fishing trawlers or ships’ anchors are more likely in UK waters.

Fortunately, cable owners support each other if a neighbouring cable is damaged, meaning we never really notice a disruption to service.

Repair ships are deployed to scoop up damaged cables, fix the issue on board, and put the cable back under the ocean.

Why not use satellites?

Underwater cables can transmit a lot more data than satellites and are cheaper to operate.

Who owns them?

Many big private companies and groups now operate their own cables, largely to support their service needs.

Google is the latest to announce plans of a new cable running between the US, the UK and Spain, which will help it maintain things like video communication platform Meets and Gmail.

Other tech giants are in on the act, including Microsoft, Facebook and Amazon.

Source: Dailymail

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