Home > Library > NESTEC 2021 Paper: Pipeline Repair Methodologies

NESTEC 2021 Paper: Pipeline Repair Methodologies

ABSTRACT

Pipelines are subjected to risks that can cause damage to them. These risks are such as internal corrosion due to corrosive fluids, erosion caused by the presence of the solid particles in the flowing fluid, external corrosion, and vandalism of pipes to the external surface of the pipe. In a case of damage and leakage in the pipeline, in addition to the large loss in the product and significant economic loss, it also causes environmental pollution. Therefore, identifying pipeline repair methods and knowing the condition in which each one is applicable is important. From the first day of using pipelines until now, many methods have been used for repairing pipeline defects. While all kinds of defects were always the same, repair methods have been continuously improving to reduce the time, cost and increasing safety and operational certainty. The impact rate of each of these varies according to the parameters such as type of damage, working environment (land and sea), working pressure and temperature, pipe length, fluid, etc. In this project the various methods of detecting pipeline defects, types of pipeline repair and required equipment have been reviewed.

Keywords: Repair, Pipeline, Corrosion, Vandalism.

Author: Amara Chinecherem Metu

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PIPELINE REPAIR METHODOLOGIES

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30 thoughts on “NESTEC 2021 Paper: Pipeline Repair Methodologies

  1. I think this is a very important research as pipelines are a very delicate piece of infrastructure in a modern economy. However, I’d like to know, what additional precautionary measures can be applied, probably during the manufacturing or installation procedures of these pipelines so as to prevent breakage from happening at all, or to extend it’s service lifetime as much as possible?

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  2. Good day Mr. Ani
    Every product produced has a time-life and must definitely expire or damage at some point. Narrowing it down to the oil and gas sector, Pipelines being very delicate have certain institutions manning the production and specification, for example DPR in t that is Department of Petroleum Resources DPR has the statutory responsibility of ensuring compliance to petroleum laws, regulations and guidelines in the Oil and Gas Industry.
    So in essence, there is a time-life for everything but proper regulations and specifications must be followed and put into considerations before using it for proper maximization. I hope I answered your question.

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  3. Are there organizations in charge of ensuring pipelines are used correctly?

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  4. The pipeline time-life dosen’t it vary with weather conditions

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  5. Yes Chinma…DPR has laid down guidelines for pipeline constructions.

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  6. Yes, weather conditions could have effect the pipeline time-life, that is why the pipeline regulations for each Country could vary as they have studied and understood there climate and have laid down there rules.

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  7. Thank you , this is an educating & interesting read.
    What approaches can Nigeria use , to stop pipeline vandalism?

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  8. Yes Mr. James, Temperature affects pipeleines. Freezing weather threatens the integrity of gas pipelines every year. Monitoring and mitigation activities can help reduce the damages.

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  9. That’s a wonderful work, Amara Metu. After reading your article I found it very interesting. It’s well known that Pipeline gets self-destroyed due to the nature of materials they are made of. Don’t you consider an alternative material that will survive these pipeline threats at reasonable cost, as an innovation in material engineering discipline?

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  10. Thank you so much Mr. James.
    There is a popular saying that to get ahead keep researching, a new development has it that polyethylene pipes can be used for oil pipelining, this was not initially so as pipes made from thermoplastics had a relatively low bearing capacity and, as a result, low working pressure of the transported medium (not more than 1.0 MPa). But with much research work in materials and metallurgy, we have fiberglass pipes which are manufactured and can take up to 30Mpa and it keeps getting better by the days with more work. I hope I did answer your question.

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  11. I just read and to know more about hot tapping process?

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  12. Hot tapping is an alternative technique that allows the connection to be made without shutting down the system and venting gas to the atmosphere. Hot tapping is also referred to as line tapping, pressure tapping, pressure cutting, and side cutting.

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  13. Does pipeline construction affect the climate?

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    1. Thank you for your question.
      Environmental impacts of pipelines consist of two aspects: construction and operation, however,
      the construction period has a greater impact on the ecology of the affected area. Unavoidably, the installation of a pipeline leads to ecological disturbance, since there are clearing of vegetation, excavation, soil compaction and others. Moreover, due to the linear arrangement of the pipelines, various natural and climatic zones with various geological, hydrological conditions are affected by technogenic impact

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  14. How are subsea pipelines repaired and maintained due to its positioning?

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    1. Thank you Charles,
      the detection of anomalies in subsea lines is majorly automated, whereby after a test is run to know the appropriate repair method to be chosen.

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  15. Why is the line still in service during the hot tapping process.

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  16. Hot Tapping is the ability to safely tie into a pressurized system, by drilling or cutting, while it is on stream and under pressure. from the process it doesn’t affect the flow regime what affects and could be hazardous is over pressure.

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  17. I know that repairs are paramount in Nigeria. But why is it that we’re still using same pipeline for years now instead of trying to change them? Because most of these materials are weak already but are still there.

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  18. It can be related to people not wanting to the right things and allow decay in the system.

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  19. Are there pipeline research Institutes in Nigeria?

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  20. The NNPC Research and Development Division (R&D) was set up in 1977, to solve the operational and technical problems of the Oil and Gas industry through the application of the results of scientific research and the development of technology. It covers research too on pipelines.

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  21. Pipeline corrosion is the deterioration of pipe material and the related system due to its interaction with the working environment. It affects pipeline and accessories made of both metals and non-metals.

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  22. Can robotics pay a roll in pipeline security?

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  23. By using robots, drones and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) not only is it far easier to inspect hard to access areas, but it negates the need to ensure a location is safe for a human to approach or enter.

    A UAV can be used to quickly assess the exterior of piping at height, and the internal workings can be viewed by a variety of different types of robots, of which crawlers are currently the most popular in use.

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  24. Nice work!

    1. Why the name pigging?

    2.What are the differences between offshore and onshore pipelines and their intelligent pigging procedures.

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  25. Thank you for your question,
    1. It is called pigging because:
    One theory is that two pipeliners were standing next to a line when a pig went past. As the pig travelled down the line pushing out debris, one of them made the comment that it sounded like a pig squealing. The pig in question consisted of leather sheets stacked together on a steel body. Without doubting the authenticity of the story, it does indicate that these tools have been around for some time. Another theory is that PIG stands for Pipeline Intervention Gadget.
    Pigging in the oil and gas industry is a form of flow assurance where pipeline pigs are used to purge, clean, and/or inspect pipelines to keep them running smoothly. Since the operation is hazardous, pigging must only be carried out by experienced professionals. A pig is the device, while pigging is the process.
    2. Offshore pipelines are usually below sea bed or on trenches, whereas onshore pipelines are found on the land, below the ground or swampy areas.
    Offshore pipelines are usually thicker than the onshore pipelines. So the pigging process for offshore is majorly dependant on internal problems due to the thickness of the pipelines while the intelligent pigging for onshore is both dependent on both internal and external checks.
    I hope this answers your question.

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